The Intangible Cultural Heritage
According to Unesco, the Intangible Cultural Heritage means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith - that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage.
This intangible cultural heritage, handed down from generation to generation, is maintained and permanently re-created by the communities and groups as a result of their interaction with the environment in which they live and broader society.
Inventory and records
The National Centre of Folklore and Popular Culture developed the Project on Celebrations and Knowledge of Popular Culture between 2001 and 2006, a pilot experiment of an integrated policy on heritage that sought to test the instruments adopted in 2000 in the sphere of the National Intangible Heritage Programme - National Inventory of Cultural References (INRC) and Registration in the books of Intangible Heritage of the Institute of National Historic and Art Heritage (Iphan) - and combine them with lines of action and instruments already used in their projects: transfer of knowledge, valorisation, research and documentation, support and diffusion of expressions of popular culture through different media and integrating different CNFCP lines of action.
The Project made an inventory of pottery from Candeal (Minas Gerais) and Rio Real (Bahia); bumba-meu-boi ox festival from Maranhão; the Maranhão Holy festival in Rio de Janeiro; gourd handicraft in the lower Amazon, manioc flour and the tacacá soup with manioc juice and paracress leaves in Pará; how to make the 10-chord viola in the Upper and Middle São Francisco in Minas Gerais.
CNFCP also made an inventory of the acarajé vendors in Salvador (Bahia); how to make the cocho viola (from one piece of wood) in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; and the jongo, Afro-Brazilian dance with drums in Southeast Brazil, which all deserved to be registered by Iphan as Cultural Heritage of Brazil.
Safeguarding
Based on the inventories, the implementation of the third planned instrument - the Safeguarding Plan - to support the continuing sustainability of the registered heritage, actions were taken to improve the social conditions and transmission and reproduction materials that help them exist.
The priority actions in the plans to protect the jongo, the art of the Bahian acarajé vendors and the making of the cocho viola, based on questions found in the inventories and discussed with the social segments involved and stakeholders, were structured on two general lines: diffusion - producing films, CD-ROMs and printed matter - and articulation / reinforcement of groups and communities - meetings, workshops, etc.
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